Brush-machine



(No Model.) y I a sheets-sheet 1.?

M. HELLWIG.

BRUSH MACHINE.

No. 506,397. Patented 001;. 1o, 1893.

ris. 2, "V

ATTEST- /NVENTUR f (No M0de1.) 1 i a sheets-sheet 2. M. HELLWIG.

BRUSH MACHINE. No. 506,397. lPatented Oct'. 10, 1893 f? T TES T. y /lwE/v To/;

NITED STATES *PATENT OFFICE.

MAURICE HELLWIG, OF BROOKLYN, NEV YORK.

BRUSH-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 506,397, dated October 10, 1893.

Application filed oveinber 30,1892. Serial No. 453,566. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom it may concern.:

Be it known that I, MAURICE HELLvvIe, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brocklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented v.certain new and-useful Improvements in Brush-Machines; and. I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionof the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to machines for introducing the hair or bristles, in the manufacture of brushes, into brush-backs; and consists in a solid base, a filling device for holding the bristles and the brush-back, and means for vertically reciprocating the filling device onto the solid base thus jolting the same and propelling the bristles or hair through the holes in the brushback.

The object of the invention is to produce a machine for inserting the hair or bristles into the brush backs, in the manufacture of brushes, which shall be simple and of feW parts, and which shall be capable of filling a large number of brush-backs at one operation.

Heretofore it has been customary to insert bristles into brush backs by hand, as in dusters in which the bristlesv are first dipped into a cement and then thrust singly into the holes of the brush-back, or by being drawn through by Wire or strong thread, or by passing the bristles through several backs superposed one above the other with their.

perforations in alignment, separating the backs on the bristles and severing the latter behind each backthe last being practicable, however, only with bristles of considerable length; or by the bristles being forced through the perforations by means of a plunger, as in my former Patent No. 309,541.

With my present invention I overcome this' slow and tedious process in that the bristles are inserted mechanically; and also in that I am enabled to till a large number of brushbacks, one to twelve dozen, according to the size of the machine and brush respectively,

in the same time that it now takes one inanto ll one brush, thus, also, saving the time of that many employs.

I have illustrated the invention in the accompanying drawings in the several figures of which like parts are designated by similar letters of reference.

Figure l is a perspective View of the presingle filling device in position. FigI 2 is a perspective view of the filling device with a brush-back in position. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal central section vertically of the filling de-V vice. Fig. 4 is a plan view of a brush-back. Fig. 5 is a similar view to Fig. 3; but showing the various stages of progress of the bristles or hair after insertion, and a slight. modification of the securing means at the yferred form of my machine, showing buta ends of the device. yFig. 6 is a perspective 55 view of the receptacle or holder when extended to receive the hair or bristles. Fig.y 7 is a perspective view of modified form of holder hereinafter described. Fig. Sis a detail view of the cross-bars. spective view of a special form of filling device. Fig. 10 is a modified form of the jolting or operating machine shown in Fig. l.

Fig. 9 is a per- 7o Fig. l1 is a cross section of the stationary E, E, are bars of metal each slotted at one end and 'the outer one also slotted at the middle of its length; the slotted ends of the bars E, E, receive and Work loosely over the studs or pins F secured in the sides, but near the opposite ends of the plate A, and are loosely 9o pivoted at their opposite ends to similar pins F, in the sides, but near the diagonally opposite ends of the base plate B, and cross at their centers; the inner bar being provided with a pin rigidly secured to it, which pin works in the longitudinal slot in the outer bar; G, is a friction roller carried loosely on the outer end of this pin.

K, is a shaft suitably journaled in the base B, and extending to the opposite sides thereof. H, is a cam wheel rigidly secured to the shaft K; the periphery of this cam wheel is IOO formed on the line of a convolute curve terminating in an abrupt vertical shoulder.

I, is a pulley also carried by the shaft K, and L, is a belt running to a source of power. It is obvious that an eccentric or a Wrist-pin would answer the same purpose, or a crank in the length of the shaft.

M, M, are spiral springs secured at N, N, on opposite ends of the plates A, and B; a similar construction and arrangement of cross bars and pulleys and cam-wheel is placed on the opposite side of the machine.

O, designates a receptacle for the hair or bristles, which is open at top and bottom and consisting of preferably sheet metal, a, b, made U-shaped, and of the desired size so that the part a, will slip into the part Z).

c, are openings cut through the sides of the part b.

d', are rectangular pieces of the same thickness as the parts a, b, and of the same width as the openings c, which are riveted or otherwise secured to the outer face of the part a, and work in the openings e.

d, is a short tube secured to the piece d', at the middle of its length so that its ends eX- tend beyond the edges ofthe openings C, thereby holdingthe parts a, and b, against separation but permitting the part a, to telescope within the part b.

e, are angle plates secured to the sides of the part b, as shown, the outwardly extending portions of said angle plates being perforated at e', so that the holes in the upper plate are in alignment with those in the plate which is below the opening; it will thus be seen that when the opening in the tube d, registe rs with the holes e, a pin passed through the several parts will retain the sections d, b, in that position.

fu, are U-shaped pieces secured to the part d, as shown. thus forming a guideway for a purpose hereinafter specified; c are similar U-shaped pieces secured to the end of the part b, but attached at right angles to the parts fu, so that the opening is at the side instead of endwise. It will thus be seen that the holder or receptacle is adjustable, and can be extended to any desired length for the purpose of iilling with hair or bristles and then closed together so as to pack the contents to any desired compactness.

I), designates hair or bristles vertically placed in the receptacle O.V

t Q, is a brush-back ot' any material to which the hairor bristles `are to be attached. It has a series of. conical holes g, extending through the same, which taper from behind forward. The holes are made tapering so as insure a rm hold of the hair or bristles. This is accomplished by rubbing cementinto the tufts which project from the rear, as shown at 2", Fig. 5, the cement filling the interstices between the bristles, as shown at /t, Fig. 5, which f enlarges said tufts into a wedge-shape which,

when induced into the conical holes g, conforms to the shape of the same; and when the cement hardens renders it impossible of being drawn through-as shown at, 7c, Fig. 5; thus making a more solid and more permanent hold on the tufts than by any methodnow known.

R, is a gage, which is an open shallow box, preferably of metal, of the desired height and of the same circumference as the contracted receptacle O; the brush-back rests on this gage which limits the distance that the bristles can project beyond through the brushback.

s, and s', designate U-shaped pieces secured to the ends of the gage R, similar to and in alignment with the parts e, and fv, on the parts a, and 0.

m, m, are metal rods, headed at one end and screw-threaded at the other, which I employ for the purpose of securing the assembled parts-the receptacle O, the gage R, and the intervening brush-back Q-together bypassing the rod through the U-shaped parts and then screwing a nut on the upper end of said rod. These assembled parts, just specified, I designate as the filling device. It is obvious that the filling device could be operated by hand and the machinery which I have devised for that purpose dispensed wit-h; butin that case the number of brushes to be filled would, necessarily, be limited to two at the most.

S, is aplate of any preferred material which is removably secured to the plate A,this plate A, I designate as the jolting plate, for the purposes of identieation-and is provided with series of holes which perforate it, and which are placed at regular intervals. The purpose of this plate, which is the same size and configuration as the jolting plate A, and the base B, is to receive the filling devices. When the assembled parts of the filling devices are placed on the plate S, the parts @,'U and 3,3 are in alignment with the holes n therethrough, so that the rods will pass through the said parts and the nuts applied at the upper ends thereof.

The jolting plate is provided with angle plates, or bars j at its opposite ends which t'orm guide-ways for the reception of the plate S; into which guide-ways the said plate, withall of its contained fillingdevices, is then placed and is secured against-lateral displacement during the operation of the machine by any preferred means. In practice at least two plates S S,'and two setsfof tillrn g devices Will be employed so that when one is being filled another set may be prepared and no time lost. Two of these holes, n, are required foreach .lilling device,so that two holes constitute what I term a series. Many series of holes lare placed at the requirediuterval apart over the plate, S, for the filling devices, thus enabling me to till a large number of brushes at one time, or simultaneously. YVhen t the jolting operation is completed the plate, S, is removed from the jolting platform to make room for another, similar IOO one, which, in the meantime has been pre- The parts, A, B, and S, may be of any con Venient size according toV the number of brushes it is desired they shall hold.

` The operation is as follows The receptacle or holder, O,'is packed with the desired quantity of hair or bristles, arranged endwise therein (the same having been previously cut the desired length) while the two parts, a, b, are extended. The part, a, is then slid into the lpart, b, until the tube, d, registers with the proper holes in the angle-plates, when the pin is passed through the same and locks the two parts together. It will be seen that the extensibility of the holder or receptacle is a desirable advantage, as it enables the operator to place a greater quantity of bristles in the same than could otherwise be done, which can then be pressed to any desired compactness. The brush-back is then placed upon the gage, R, and the receptacle, O, with its contained bristles, placed upon the brushback, Q; the guide-ways at the ends of the receptacle and gage beingin align ment receive the rods, lm. The parts thus arranged are then swung to the right until the parts, 8', o', take onto the other rod, m, when the nuts, p, are screwed home and the parts firmly held together or to the plate, S. This is repeated with each of the filling devices that areA to be filled by a single machine. The plate, S, is then secured to the jolting platform A, by bein-g slid into the guide-ways formed by the iianges, j. Motion is then communicated to the shaft, K, by any suitable power andthe cam-wheels, H, revolved. Said cam-wheels ride under the pulleys, G, raising the platform, A, and plate, S, which parts are suddenly precipitated upon the base, B, by the pulleys, G, dropping behind the shoulders of the' camwheels, H, by which drop a blow or jolt is produced; by which blow or jolt the bristles are caused to propel themselves through the holes in the brush-backs, and by a succession of such jolts upon orto the bottom of the gage, R. The plate, S, is then removed from the jolting platform, the nuts loosened; and the lilling devices swung to the left; the receptacle and gage are removed which take with them the brush-back. At this stage the bris-4 tles will occupy the position shown at, t', (Fig. 5) with manytufts protruding from the back of the brush; these tufts are then dipped into cement, which is rubbed into them and the.

interstices filled, which spreads the tufts as shown at, h, (Fig. 5) and then said tufts are forced vinto position in the brush-back, as shown at, k, same figure. After the cement has become sufficiently hard or set the brush is removed from the receptacle and t-he remaining hair or bristles, and trimmed in the usual manner.

Many brushes are formed oval in front andl the holes and bristles placed at different angles therein.

lter of the brush-usually whiter.

For the purposeof filling such brush-backs I employ the construction shown in Fig. 7, in which the adjustable receptacle, O', is substantially similar to the receptacle, O; differing only in having its upper face tiaring, so that the bristles will conform in line of vdirection to the angles of the holes in the brush-back. This flare causes the top to extend beyond the base and necessitates an extension of the parts, s, s', at the base and also of the parts o, o', of the gage so as to bring them into alignment with the upper ones. A slight modification is shown in Fig. 5 vin that the parts s, s', and o, o', are complete tubes instead of being open at one side as in the other figures.` If preferred the said parts mayr extend the entire width of the receptacle instead of the short sections shown.

In the manufacture of certain brushes it is common to form the outer row of tufts from bristles of a contrasting color from the cen- It would be difficult to maintain a perfect line of demarcation between the bristles of contrasting colors when using a receptacle of the foregoing description; in order, therefore, that I may accomplish this result with certainty and. precision, and, at the same time, preserve the bristles of different colors intact andentirely separate from each other-thus avoiding an yy possibility of their commingling-I employ for that purpose areceptacle such asis shown in Fig. 9, in whichy a separate compartment,

' space between them sufficient to hold' enoughv bristles for the outer row. This inner section is secured to the outer one by a vertical strip of metal, Z', attached to the adjacent surfaces of the ends of the two sections by rivets, solder,or any suitable agent. f A simi.

near the ends thereof, which are bent over so as to form retainers and guide-waysforthe IVO ends of the part, a, thereby keeping them vin close lateral contact with each other.

In the modification shown in Fig.,10, A, is

the joking-platform, B, is the tablegS, is f thereof would naturally form, and to prevent the same from binding in its guide-Ways, I provide the inner angle-plates j', which are secured to the `four corners of the jolting platform and set in flush with the surface or edges thereof. To insure a uniform elevation of all parts of the said platform, A,

two shafts, K, are employed, suitably jourtheir revolution, and the two ends of the4 jolting platform are simultaneously raised to the same point of elevation. G, are friction pulleysfour in number-carried by the jolting platform, two on each side thereof, and in vertical alignment with the shafts, K, which ride over the cam wheels as the latter arerevolved, and by which the joltingplatform is elevated. By reason ofthe positive connection between the shafts through the sprocket wheels and chains, the friction pulleys drop, simultaneously, behind the shoulders of the said cams thereby precipitating the jolting platform onto the base, jolting` the same and causing thebristles to propel themselves through the brush-backs in the same manner as in the construction shown in` Fig. 1.

Referring once more to Fig. 9; the term modification does not apply to the cover O, which is shown in diagrammatic relation to the receptacle; but to the receptacle per se. The cover ora cover of some sort, is used in connection with each one of the lilling devices for the obviouspurpose of preventing the rebound of the bristles which strike thesurfaces of the brush-backs during the jolting process, which would retard the filling process by the jumping, or up and down movements of such bristles. The particular form of the cover. is of no special importance, except that it must be provided with retaining means so that it shall not become unseated by the jolting of the machineryr. The one shown consists of a plane sheet of metal formed, or provided, with the two longitudinal projections o on one end, and with the hook o on the other end; the whole eonformingin plan view to a plan View of thereceptacles when in a contracted position; andadapted to be secured in place by the rods and nuts which secure the assembled` parts of the filling devices. c is a handle for lifting the cover. Instead of having a separate and removable cover, the receptacle may have a closure permanently secured' to it; and, if telescopic, each sectionprovided with its individual sectional closure.

It is pertinent to observe that the `size and shape of the filling device may be va- `riedto conform to the size and shape ofthe s tyle of brush. I do `not confine myself to a `telescoping,V adjustable receptacle, asa rigid or non-adjustable receptacle may be used; and often to better advantage, as in small brushes, like tooth brushes. It will be seen from the foregoing description, therefore that, by inserting the hair or bristles vertically orendwise and fasteningthem as described, much shorterbristles may be used than could be employed by the old method of drawing the bristles or hair by wire or thread intothe holes of the brush-backs,

lthereby having to double them and,`therezfore, having to use double the lengthvof bristles than is used by my above described method. As theshorter bristles are cheaper `than the long, the cost of brushes is lessened not only by the saving in label', but also in `the cost of material.

While I haveshown and described a brush- 'bac-k inwhich the holes for the bristles extend entirely through the same, and which `converge from behind forward, and, also the method or manner of securing the bristles therein, I do not herein claim the same; as

It is obvious that many alterations of mit nor importance in the construction ofmy device might suggest themselves to the` mind of a skilled mechanic; and, also, that even ordinary judgment might suggest the substitution of one old form of machine element for another; and that `some other manner or means of converting motion from rotary to reciprocating may be preferred to those which I have shown and described. I do not, therefore, Wish to be limited tothe exact constructions with which I have illustrated the principle of myinventiou; manyof which are old and maybe replaced orsupplanted by others.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

`and means for vertically `reciprocating the same onto a solid base, whereby the parts are y jolted and the bristles caused to propelthemselves longitudinally through the `apertures in the brush-back, substantially as t shown and described. f 2. In a brush-machine the combinationwith an adjustable receptacle for holding the `hair or bristles which admits of the size of` thereceptacle and the degree of compactness of the bristles being'regulated, a gage for limiting IOC the protrusion of the hair or bristles through the brush-back, of means for detachabl y securlngthe parts together, comprising guide-ways secured to the opposite ends of the receptacle and gage, and in vertical alignment with'each other, metal rods or bolts headed at one end and screw-threaded at the other passing through said guide-Ways, and nuts passing over the screw-threaded ends of the said rods or bolts and retaining the parts when in situ, and means for vertically reciprocating the same onto a solid base, whereby the parts are jolted and the bristles caused to propel themselves longitudinally through the apertures in the brush-back, substantially as shown and described.

3. In abrush-machine the combination with an adjustable receptacle for holding the hair or bristles, a gage for limiting the protrusion of the hair or bristles through the brush-back, and means for detachably securing the said parts together, of a vertically reciprocating jolting platform, means for detachably securing the filling device to the said jolting platform, and means for imparting motion to the platform, substantially as shown and described.

4. In abrush-machine the combination with an adjustable receptacle for holding the bristles or'hair, a gage for limiting the protrusion of the hair or bristles through the brushback, of a removable plate and means for detachably securing the several parts of the filling device and the plate together, a

"platform, angle-plates secured to opposite ends of the f j olting platform forming guideways for the reception of the said removable plate, and means for imparting motion to the jolting platform, substantially as shown and described.

6. In a brush-machine the combination with an adjustable receptacle for holding the hair or bristles, a gage for limiting the protrusion of the hair or bristles through the perforations in the brush-back, of a removable plate provided with numerous series oftransverse perforations, whereby a large number of filling devices Ymay be secured to the same, rods'or bolts passing through said plate and screw-threaded at their upper ends, guidejways on the ends of the receptacle and gage through which said rods pass and nuts on the upper ends ofthe rods for securing the plate and filling device together, a jolting platform provided with -means for retaining the vremovable plate, and means for imparting motion to the jolting platform, substantially as shown and described.

'7.In a machine for the manufacture of brushes, the combination with an adjustable receptacle for holding the hair or bristles, a gage for limiting the protrusion of the hair through the brush-back, a removable plate provided with numerous series of transverse perforations, whereby a large number of Iilling devices may be secu red to the said plate,

rods or bolts passing through said perforationsL screw-threaded at their upper ends, of vertical conductors rigidly secured to opposite ends of the receptacle and gage forming guide-ways and keepers for the said rods, nuts on the upper ends of the rods for securing :the plate and filling devices together, a jolting platform provided with angle-bars at opposite ends thereof forming guide-ways for receiving and retaining the removable plate and means for imparting motion to said jolting platform, substantially as shown and described. I

8. In a brush-machine, a filling device for inserting thebristles into brush-backs comprising a receptacle for holdin-g the bristles, a gage forlimiting the protrusion of the same through the brush-back, means for securing the several parts together with the brush-back intervening, and means for reciprocating the fillingdevice onto a fixed base or resistance substantially as shown and described.

9. In abrush-back filling device the combination with an adjustable receptacle for holding the bristles, whereby the same is capable of expansion'for receiving the bristles Iand then contraction for producing greater compactness of the said bristles, a gage for limiting the bristles through the brush-back, means for ldetachably securing the several parts together, with the brush back intervening and means for reciprocating the filling device onto a fixed base or resistance substantially as shown and described.

lO. In a filling device for inserting the bristles into brush-backs the combination with an adjustable receptacle for holding the bristles, a gage for limiting the protrusion of .the bristles through said back,4 of means for detachably securing the several parts together with the brush-back intervening comprising rods'headed at one end and Screw-threaded at the other guide-ways at opposite ends of the said receptacle and of the gage for re oeiving the rods, and thumb-nuts for the upper ends of said rods, means for reciprocatingthe filling device against a fixed base or resistance substantially as shownanddescribed.

11. In a filling device for inserting the bristles into brush-backs, the combination with a receptacle for holding the bristles formed of two U-shaped telescoping sections, of graduated means for securing the two sections together at different points of contraction, a gage .for limiting the protrusion ofthe lgo bristles means for securing the several parts together with the brush-back intervening, consisting of two rods headed at one end and screw-threaded at the other, tubular sections on opposite ends of the receptacle and gage respectively and in vertical alignment, and thumb-nuts for locking the assembled parts, substantially as shown and described.

12. In a filling device for inserting the bristles into brush-backs, the combination with the receptacle for holding the bristles formed of two U-shaped sections adapted to telescope each other, the outer section being longitudinally slotted at its sides, of the lugs on the outer ends of the inner section projecting through the said slots and working therein, the tubular sections secured at their middle to the lugs and having their ends ex-` tending beyond the edges of the slots, whereby the sections are held against separation but free to move upon each other longitudinally, suitable means for locking the parts at various degrees of contraction, agage for limiting the protrusion of the bristles through the said brush back, and means for detachably securing the assembled parts together, substantially as shown and described.

13. In a filling device for inserting the bristles into brush-backs, the combination with the adjustable receptacle formed of the two U-shaped sections, the one adapted to telescope within the other, said sections be- 1ng secured together with their open ends facing, the outer one formed with a slot on each of its sides longitudinally thereof, the inner one having lugs near its ends which project through said openings, tubes secured to said lugs and extending beyond the edges of the openings, strips extending laterally from the outer section above and below, perforations through said strips in alignment with each other and with which the tube is adapted to register, and a pin or other device passing through said aligned openings for temporarily locking them together, a gage, and meansy for securing the assembled parts together with the brush-back intervening, substantially as shown and described.

14. In a brush-machine a filling device comprising in combination, the U-shaped telescoping sections secured together as de-l scribed and shown, the inner U-shaped sections a, b, secured at their closed ends respectively to the inner side of the closed ends of the outer sections thus forming an annularspace or compartment between the inner and outer sections, said inner sections held together attheir open ends against separation but adapted to slide upon each other, means for adjustably securing the outer sections together, a gage for limiting the protrusion of the bristles through the brush-back, studs or U-shaped sections, s, and o, extending outward from one end of the receptacle and the gage forming conjointly a vertical guide-way, U-shaped and attached to the opposite ends of the receptacle and gage respectively but opening laterally or at rightangles to the first, rods m, headed at one end and screw-threaded at the other adapted to fit into said guide-ways, and thumb-nutsadapted to he screwed onto the rods and secure the assembled parts together with the brush-back intervening, substantially as shown and described.

15. In a brush-machine, the combination with the brush-back filling devices, the removable plate S, and means for detachably securing the former to the latter, the jolting platform A, having the fianges, forming guide-ways for receiving the plate, S, the table or base, B, upon which the platform terminates its iight, of means for vertically reciprocating the jolting platform comprising the transverse rod or shaft,`K, carrying a fixed cam wheel, II, at each endfsaid cam terminating in an abrupt shoulder, friction wheels, G, riding over said cam-wheel, connections between the friction wheels and the platform, means for maintaining the platform in vertical alignment with the base, and means for operating the said shaft,`K, Where- `by the cam-wheel is` rotated and the platform elevated and then suddenly dropped by the friction-wheels ridingover the cam-wheels `and dropping behind the shoulder thereon -and the jolting platform precipitated onto the base, substantially as shown and described.

16. In a b1'ush-xnachine, the combination `with the jolting platform, A, the guide- 'ways7', thereon, the removable plate, S,jt `ting in said guide-ways, the brush-back tilling devices removablysecured` tothe plate, S, the table or base, B,tfhe transverseishaft, K, carrying the cam-pulleys, I-I, and the syrnmetrical pulleys, I, on its opposite ends, the.

belt, L, communicating with the source of power, the friction-pulleys, G, riding over` the said cam wheels, of the connecting cross-bars, E, on opposite sides, said cross-bars loosely pivoted at one end near the opposite ends of the base, having their other ends slotted `and working over pins or studs near the diagonally opposite ends of l the platform, A, a pin or stud secured to the outer faceoftheinner bar, E, near or` at its middle and `projecting through a longitudinal slot in the outer'bar, said pin or stud carrying the friction-wheel, G, on its outer end, whereby the platform is permitted to reciprocate freely but at the same time is maintained in exact vertical alignment with the base, the coil springs,M, at opposite ends connecting the platform and base together for facilitating the return of the former, and means for rotating the shaft, K, substantially as shown and described.

17. In a machine for inserting the bristles into brush-backs, the combination with a receptacle, 0, for holding the hair or bristles, a gage, R, for limiting the protrusion of the hair, or bristles through the pcrforations in the brush back, of a cover O, for the receptacle, longitudinal projections on one end of IOO TIO

the receptacle, cover, and gage respectively, base or resisting body, thereby propelling the' 1o forming a gnideway, the hooked projections bristles through the brush back by their inon the opposite ends of said parts forming a ertia, substantially as shown and described. laterally opening guideway, bolts headed at In testimony whereof Iafx'my signature in one end and threaded at the other, passing presence of two witnesses.

through such guideways, and nuts fitting on the bolts for securing the assembled parts to- Witnesses: gether with the brush back intervening, and EDWIN GROVES, means for reciprocating the device onto a G. A. WALTER.

MAURICE HELLWIG. 

